Power Steering Explained
Watch this brilliant video below for a demo of how power steering works (courtesy of CNET’s Car Tech 101).
Historical Context
- Early Steering Systems: Initially, steering a car required significant manual effort, emphasizing the need for steering assistance.
- Introduction of Power Steering: The 1951 Chrysler Imperial introduced mainstream power steering with a system called “Hydra-Guide.”
Hydraulic Power Steering
- Mechanism: Involves a steering rack and a hydraulic ram that assists in moving the wheels. The system is controlled by a valve connected to the steering column.
- Power Source: A power steering pump, driven by a belt from the engine, creates pressure for the system.
- Drawbacks: Constant engine drag (parasitic loss), reducing fuel efficiency.
Electric Power Assisted Steering (EPAS)
- Introduction: Modern vehicles, like the 2014 Jeep Cherokee, feature electric power steering.
- Mechanism: An electric motor, either on the steering rack or column, assists steering efforts. It’s more efficient, compact, and accurate.
- Hybrid Systems: Some systems remain hydraulic but use an electric pump instead of a belt-driven one.
Benefits of Electric Power Steering
- Efficiency: Saves significant energy compared to hydraulic systems, improving fuel economy.
- Addressability: Easily integrates with vehicle control systems for features like automatic parking and lane departure correction.
- Accuracy: Software-driven, allowing easy adjustments and accurate feedback.
- Compactness: Eliminates the need for pumps, belts, and valves, freeing up space in the engine bay.
Purist Perspective
- Some driving enthusiasts initially resisted electric power steering due to early systems’ lack of feel and precision. However, modern systems have largely addressed these issues.
Future Outlook
- The video predicts a shift towards “steer-by-wire” systems, where the steering wheel has no mechanical connection to the wheels, resembling a game controller. This technology is expected to evolve in the coming years.
For help with any issues related to your steering wheel functionality and safety, contact us for an inspection or explore our services and wholesale offering.
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